Nurse practitioner or doctor: who can treat what in Quebec?

In Quebec, a specialized nurse practitioner, or NP, has advanced training that allows them to perform several medical activities. Depending on specialty and practice area, an NP can diagnose diseases, order tests, prescribe treatments and medications, perform selected procedures and request specialty consultation. Choosing between an NP and physician depends on the need, the expertise required and continuity of care.

An NP can manage many medical needs within their specialty, including some complex situations. Referral is needed when a concern falls outside their area or requires additional expertise.

What an NP is authorized to do

The Government of Quebec says an NP may, within the relevant specialty, diagnose diseases, order diagnostic tests, determine treatments, prescribe or adjust medications, request specialty consultation and perform selected procedures. Primary-care NPs treat common problems, follow chronic disease and provide care across age groups.

Why the specialty class matters

Quebec’s five classes cover primary care, mental health, pediatric care, adult care and neonatology. An NP practises within their class, area and competence. Some NPs also care for people with complex conditions. The appropriate professional therefore depends on the nature of the concern and the expertise available.

Physicians and NPs often work as a team

Useful care depends on the right expertise and continuity. Depending on the situation, an NP may involve a family physician, specialist, pharmacist or another professional. Additional consultation can help clarify a diagnosis, choose a treatment or arrange follow-up. Referral is part of the care pathway.

When a MedVibe request may fit

Eligible adults aged 18 and older can request a MedVibe virtual consultation for a non-urgent primary-care concern. Your location, the clinician’s authorization and service suitability are confirmed before booking. Describe the concern and relevant history; the clinician determines whether remote assessment is suitable or in-person care is needed. The general scope of NP practice does not mean every specialty is offered by MedVibe. Any diagnosis, prescription or referral depends on the clinician’s assessment and judgment.

When to seek help promptly

For breathing difficulty, severe chest pain, stroke signs, loss of consciousness or immediate danger, call 911. In Quebec, Info-Santé 811, option 1, can provide advice about a non-urgent health concern and help you find an appropriate resource.

Frequently asked questions

Can an NP diagnose in Quebec?

Yes. Within the specialty class and area of expertise, an NP may diagnose diseases and perform other regulated medical activities.

Can an NP request a specialist consultation?

Yes. The Government of Quebec says an NP may request consultation from other professionals or medical specialists within scope.